Shakespeare’s Henry V :: Journalism Essays

Shakespeares Henry V Imaginechivalry between the kings of England and France clashing like a jousters lance slamming into the shield of its opponent. The uphold may or may not have thrown the knight of his horse, but the Kings College production of Shakespeares Henry V knocked me of my seat. It was the nearly captivating college performances Ive ever experienced. Not only did it impress me, the production sucker punched my doubts about college plays. Shakespeares Henry V is based on the study about Englands successful campaign to conquer France. Written in 1599, the play is still being reproduced by play-rights and actors alike. Perhaps its the plays legendary estimation of patriotism or the dramatic courage of King Henry that keeps the masterpiece alive. Either or Shakespeare had shaped the structure of theater and developed a grand way of entertainment for telling a story. Director J. Gerald Godwin rendition bought about the traditional perspective of Henry V close t o perfection. Due to the brilliant theatrical role of the dynamic stage which drew attention from the audience on seven angles, Godwin set not only the mood of the dark ages but similarly brought the audience back to the future.The well-planed compositions of the thrust stage and meticulous selection of the magnificent cast forced it to set the ton. Al Vota fit the stereotypical medieval King of England with his clean beard beneath his pointy noise. Was it his powerful voice projecting forcefully or his cocky attitude towards his mighty menwearing ridiculously snug tightsmaking him outshine the rest of the cast? A remarkable scene with Cassie Westover (Princess Katherine of France) and King Henry clashing with their distinct language barrier also stands out in my mind. The two matched each others level of performance and made an awful pair. Needless to give tongue to, Al Votas performance may have been the groovyest factor that harnessed the attention of the audience.Cassies uncanny ability to speak French fluentlywithout previous educationis an impressive approach to capture her character properly. Her tone of voice and face expressions spoke enough. Its bazaar that you can understand what a person is trying to say even with broken English. Her ability to perform effectively drew the magical twist of romance within the masculine theme of war and violence. Another great performer that showed an impressive talent on acting his part is Daniel J.

Parkinsons Disease: Unraveling the Mystery :: Biology Essays Research Papers

paralysis agitans Disease Unraveling the Mystery paralysis agitans disease, which affects over one million Americans, results in the progressive loss of coordination, unstable posture, and tremor (1). In 1817, James Parkinson, after whom the disease was named, was the first to document cases of what he called the shaking palsy and in doing so, began the scientific crusade to determine the causes and manifestation of the disease (2). The argufy before neuroscientists was to determine the link between Parkinsons behavior and alterations of the nervous system. This task would be accomplished by employing a system of working backwards - - first determining the gross problem and then attempting to understand it at a neuronal level.The first step in linking changes in the brain to Parkinsons behavior occurred in the early 1900s with autopsies performed on people who suffered from the disease (2). Such procedures revealed significant cell death in the midbrain - - more specifically of pigm ented cells that ar collectively known as the substantia nigra (black substance, named for the presence of melanin). Because damage to the substantia nigra resulted in impaired motor control, it was logically hypothesized that this area played a role in the control of movement.With the knowledge that neurotransmitters were the means of communication for the nervous system, autopsy testing in the 1950s of Parkinsons patients showed that dopamine levels in an area adjoining to the substantia nigra, known as the striatum, were only about 10-20% of the levels present in unaffected individuals (3). The parallel of the low level of dopamine and the death of cells of the substantia nigra in Parkinsons patients led scientists to postulate that the substantia nigra turns dopamine. When levels were disrupted due to cell death, this would likely lead to a change in stimulation in this area of the brain, which would produce behavior characteristic of Parkinsons.Anatomical research since then has shown that the substantia nigra is part of the humble ganglia, whose other components include the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and striatum (3). Through experimentation, a series of nub signal pathways have been mapped out which help us to understand how this region of the brain functions to control movement. It has been hypothesized that cells of the frontal cortex initiate signals for movement (4). (It was concluded that the basal ganglia does not initiate movement because damage to this area as occurs in Parkinsons still allows for voluntary movement if it were responsible for its initiation, the damage would likely keep down voluntary movement.

Sweden :: essays research papers

History, Science and Technology, Justice, and Environmental Issues of SwedenDuring the seventh and eighth centuries, the Swedes were merchant seamen well known for their trade. In the ninth century, Nordic Vikings raided and ravaged the European Continent as far as the Black and Caspian Seas. During the 11th and 12th centuries, Sweden slowly became a united Christian kingdom that later included Finland. hassock Margaret of Denmark united all the Nordic lands in the "Kalmar Union" in 1397. Frequent tension within the countries and within the union gradually led to open divergence between the Swedes and the Danes in the 15th century. The unions final disintegration in the early 16th century resulted in a long-lived rivalry between Norway and Denmark on one side and Sweden and Finland on the other. During and after World War I, in which Sweden re primary(prenominal)ed neutral, the nation benefited from the worldwide demand for Swedish steel, ball bearings, wood pulp, and matc hes. Postwar movement provided the basis for the social welfare policies characteristic of modern Sweden. Sweden followed a policy of armed impartiality during World War II and currently remains independent. Sweden became a member of the European Union in 1995. Many of Swedens science and technology activities are carried out by the Embassy of Swedens Science and Technology office. The main mission of the Science and Technology Office is to help cooperation in research and development and other exchange of knowledge between Sweden and Japan. This is done by give tongue to decision-makers in Sweden about developments in Japan, and by arranging study visits, workshops and other events. The office preserves widespread contact networks in Sweden and Japan, mainly with key persons and organizations knobbed in research and innovation in government, academia, and industry. Most of the activities of the Science and Technology Office are carried out within the framework of programs operat ed in close league with, and financed by, Swedish government agencies and other organizations with responsibilities in the particular area covered by a program. Current programs cover the following areas (1) Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), (2) behavior Sciences and Bio-industry, (3) Sustainable Development, and (4) Overall Development of Japanese Science and Technology Policy and Innovation System.     Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of government. According to the Swedish Constitution, all public power derives from the people. Swedens head of state, the King, has only ceremonial functions. The top branch of the national government is the Parliament, which has 349 members in one chamber.

The Aesthetics of Pop Music Essay -- Popular Music

It All Sounds The Same These DaysIn serious close every home in America at just about any given time the words It all sounds the same these days is uttered to a teenage child, while the mother is screaming Turn it down in the background. The teenager storms to his bedroom and turns the radio up to full volume and thinks, They just dont get it Then proceeds to dance around the room singing into the hairbrush. This is the pleasure principal of pop music. Whether accredited to innocence or ignorance, a unreconciled naivety has survived this culture since its inception. Theyre everywhere. We throw outnot escape the wrath of teen pop bands, you can love em or hate em, just now they are a representation of an ever changing culture.What is the pop music phenomenon? Most pop music uses a commercial approach to songwriting which limits the use of alter musical devices, this is said to be what makes pop music. Popular music is popular because the composition hears for the listener and is pre-digested.(Adorno, Theodore, On Popular Music 1941) Pop music contains simple, consort driven, repetitious, square phrased (4 bar) melodies that are catchy and easily singable. The phrases in these sections are generally 4, 8, 12, or 16 measures long. Most pop songs have a catchy 8 measure phrase that is repeated 6-8 times throughout the song. This attributes to the ever so frequently heard It was on the radio this morning and I just cant get it out of my head phenomeno...

No-calorie Powder May Substitute For Foods Fat :: essays research papers

No-Calorie Powder May Substitute for Foods Fat     George E. Inglett of the U.S. Department of Agricultures BiopolymerResearch Unit in Peoria III invented a no-calorie fat substitute called Z-Trim.It is a mix of crushed fibers made from the hulls of grains. It can replace thefat and some of the carbohydrates in foods such as chocolates, brownies, cheese,and ground beef. He spent three years trying to perfect Z-Trim to be smoothbe draw he made it out of tough hulls of corn, oats, and rice. He commencement ceremony crushedthe hulls with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. He washed the peroxide off incentrifuge. After this step it was still too large, so he put the pieces backthrough the first step of the hydrogen peroxide and the centrifuge. That madeit smooth. Now, it is a fine, white cellulose powder that can be made into agel by adding water.     Inglett also developed Oatrim. This is made up of a digestible fiberfrom oat flour that provides f our calories per gram.     Z-Trim compared to another fat substitute, olestra, is different.Olestra can cause gastrointestinal distress and take vitamins and carotenoidsout of the body. The new substitute does not have those affects. Inglett saysthat you should eat more of the kind of fibers that make up Z-Trim to reducethe chances of acquiring intestinal disorders.     But there are some people who argue with Ingletts theory on his newsubstitute. "I wouldnt expect Z-Trim to have the same kinds of problems asolestra," says Margo Wootan, a senior scientist at the Center for Science in thePublic Interest in Washington, D.C. "Fiber is already found in our diet, whileolestra is a synthetic chemical. There is also concern for the "microbialstability" of foods containing Z-Trim. "Whenever you remove the lipid materialand replace it with water," says Thomas H.

No-calorie Powder May Substitute For Foods Fat :: essays research papers

No-Calorie Powder May Substitute for Foods Fat     George E. Inglett of the U.S. Department of Agricultures BiopolymerResearch Unit in Peoria common chord invented a no-calorie fat substitute called Z-Trim.It is a mix of crushed fibers made from the hulls of grains. It can replace thefat and some of the carbohydrates in foods such as chocolates, brownies, cheese,and show beef. He spent three years trying to perfect Z-Trim to be smoothbecause he made it out of tough hulls of corn, oats, and rice. He first crushedthe hulls with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. He washed the peroxide off incentrifuge. After this step it was still too large, so he stage the pieces backthrough the first step of the hydrogen peroxide and the centrifuge. That madeit smooth. Now, it is a fine, white cellulose powder that can be made into a gel by adding water.     Inglett also developed Oatrim. This is made up of a digestible fiberfrom oat flour that provides four calories per gram.     Z-Trim compared to another fat substitute, olestra, is different.Olestra can cause gastroenteric distress and take vitamins and carotenoidsout of the body. The new substitute does not have those affects. Inglett saysthat you should eat more of the kind of fibers that make up Z-Trim to reducethe chances of getting intestinal disorders.     But there are some people who argue with Ingletts theory on his newsubstitute. "I wouldnt expect Z-Trim to have the same kinds of problems asolestra," says Margo Wootan, a senior scientist at the Center for Science in thePublic Interest in Washington, D.C. "Fiber is already found in our diet, whileolestra is a synthetical chemical. There is also concern for the "microbialstability" of foods containing Z-Trim. "Whenever you remove the lipid materialand replace it with water," says Thomas H.

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter Short Story Analysis How does the antecedent position the subscriber towards the major theme using the narrative elements? Gangs affect every unitary lives especially the people in the gang because other members make you do things that you dont pauperism to do or that is dangerous towards you or yourself. The Last Spin by Evan Hunter is a short story about two boys from opposite gangs that were constrained to settle an argument over territory. They did this by functioning an extremely dangerous game (Russian roulette).What they didnt expect though was that they would become closer by having conversations in between shots and finding things that they have in common. They dont realise this for long however because there was a sudden end to one of their lives. Ill be analysing how the reader is position by using the narrative elements. The setting for this short story is in the early 1960s when gangs were common in America. Gangs were ordinarily identif ied by the colour of their crownworks (Dave wore a blue and gold jacket, and Tigo wore a green and orange one) and each had their own territory which the other was not allowed to baffle into.When one gang would venture into another gangs territory the night before it would be decided how one member from each gang would settle the score. The author has placed Dave and Tigo in an enclosed basement to play the game this creates a powerful and intense environment for the reader. The boys also try not to show whatsoever sign of fear because if they do it would make them feel incapable and powerless in the game. We going to sit and talk all night, or we going to feel this thing rolling Dave askedThis quote shows that Dave is showing no sign of dread to Tigo, so that he looks and feels aggressive. The last spin gave descriptions of the two main and only characters in the story, which were Dave and Tigo. Tigo has large brown eyes and thick black hair. He also wears his gangs jacket which is a green silk jacket with an orange dance band down each of the sleeves. Dave is a nervous, paled faced boy with dirty lips. His gangs jacket is blue and gold. The author has described the jackets because it emphasizes that they are enemies. The jacket told Dave that Tigo was his enemy. The jacket Shrieked Enemy, Enemy This quote shows how Dave knew Tigo was an enemy because of the colour of his jacket. This story keeps the reader in suspense as they dont know when the gun leave behind go off. They should also feel horrified at how the gangs in America used to settle arguments and that the boys kept adding bullets into the gun, throw offting their life at risk fitting so that they wouldnt let the other gang members down. He broke open the gun again, and slipped the second cartridge into the cylinder. Now we got two cartridges in here, he said This quote reinforces how the gangs brainwash people to think that they have to take these kinds of risks skilful so they can be popul ar. The length of this sentence is used so that the reader can fear for the boys because they know the dangers of this game. The main theme in the short story The Last Spin by Evan Hunter is gang culture. The gangs in the story make the careless decision of putting one of their fellow members lives at danger.The boys didnt seem to care that they were going to play this game at first, then as the game went on they realised what a bad mistake it was so they make a deal. They would have one last spin before they end this terrible game. Unfortunately this last spin was the one that ended Daves life. The explosion rocked the small basement room, splitting away half of Daves head, shattering his face. A sharp cry escaped Tigos throat, and a look of incredulous shock knifed his eyes.He then put his head on the table and began weeping. This quote shows us that the intense atmosphere in the basement and the hope that the gun would click one last while made the sound of the shot become so real and the outcome unbearable for Tigo. It was also very powerful emotionally when you picture how Tigo reacted to realising he had just lost a friend. Tigo was devastated and knew that all of the plans that they had promised they would do together after the game, he would never be able to do with Dave.

Education and Martin Luther King

trainion is a fundamental focussing of keep. A means to learn something new, the tendency is to ment all toldy, physically, and emotionally avail the person by putting them in a part place than they were previously in before. This is an example of what my dad said If could, if I had the power to throw something. It would be procreation, the fundamental base in every(prenominal)ones carriage. development is something that leadings us to ambit our goals and to be successful in career. So primary, we admit education to be successful. Education includes moral values, and much more.But nowadays the meaning of education is misunderstood by state. Without education nothing is Achieve. Education is very weighty in every human life. Some people are not to be educated but they intense is too takeed their goals, in my view education means which lead us to our destiny. If you think about Education, it gives us a basic intimacy about our surroundings. It is the first step tha t helps begin our journey to reach success. We cannister reach success without education but we have to work hard or try till we reach our goal or success.Education is not only(prenominal) the way for us to reach our success, but its just a step to reach knowledge. Education is must for every person on todays life education has move around a basic need of every ones life it is a key to success. Education is the key to all we need in life without education and knowledge no one can be successful. Education is necessary for success. Martin Luther King Jr, wrote that Education should equip them with the proper instruments of exploitation so they can forever trampling over the masses, meaning that education will give us the things necessary to overcome all obstacles in our life.The need for Education encourages us to be successful. Educations are what leads a human to being successful, and make an improvement in life. Malcolm X provides an argument which states that education is impo rtant no enumerate where it is received. Education helps us to understand ourselves stop also it helps us to learn about our strengths and weaknesses. Omar Bradley wrote that education makes people slatternly to lead but difficult to drive, easy to govern, but unacceptable to enslave.How can it that someone can be taught something and they grasp the whole concept of it, they understand it fully and still they dont intake it in their life as if the things they were taught meant nothing to them A fundamental desire of parents is for their children to have a better education. Every parent dreams for their children to be successful in life and that all starts with education, our parents know the true meaning of work, they dont want us to go through the struggles they went through to be where they are now.They instruct us to do the best in school from pre-k to college because they know it will help us in the long run. They inspire us to do better not only for our futures but also ou r kids future. Education gives us a lot of opportunities, not only for us but people around me and our futures children. Education is something that we need in life, something that we need to do so we can become successful in life, education gives us opportunities like jobs, and it gives us a better life. Without education our world would not continue to expand and evolve.Education and Martin Luther KingEducation is a fundamental way of life. A means to learn something new, the intention is to mentally, physically, and emotionally benefit the person by putting them in a better place than they were previously in before. This is an example of what my dad said If could, if I had the power to change something. It would be education, the fundamental base in everyones life. Education is something that leads us to reach our goals and to be successful in life. So primary, we need education to be successful. Education includes moral values, and much more.But nowadays the meaning of educatio n is misunderstood by people. Without education nothing is Achieve. Education is very important in every human life. Some people are not to be educated but they intense is too reached their goals, in my view education means which lead us to our destiny. If you think about Education, it gives us a basic knowledge about our surroundings. It is the first step that helps begin our journey to reach success. We can reach success without education but we have to work hard or try till we reach our goal or success.Education is not only the way for us to reach our success, but its just a step to reach knowledge. Education is must for every person on todays life education has become a basic need of every ones life it is a key to success. Education is the key to all we need in life without education and knowledge no one can be successful. Education is necessary for success. Martin Luther King Jr, wrote that Education should equip them with the proper instruments of exploitation so they can fore ver trample over the masses, meaning that education will give us the things necessary to overcome all obstacles in our life.The need for Education encourages us to be successful. Educations are what leads a human to being successful, and make an improvement in life. Malcolm X provides an argument which states that education is important no matter where it is received. Education helps us to understand ourselves better also it helps us to learn about our strengths and weaknesses. Omar Bradley wrote that education makes people easy to lead but difficult to drive, easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.How can it that someone can be taught something and they grasp the whole concept of it, they understand it fully and still they dont use it in their life as if the things they were taught meant nothing to them A fundamental desire of parents is for their children to have a better education. Every parent dreams for their children to be successful in life and that all starts with educati on, our parents know the true meaning of work, they dont want us to go through the struggles they went through to be where they are now.They instruct us to do the best in school from pre-k to college because they know it will help us in the long run. They inspire us to do better not only for our futures but also our kids future. Education gives us a lot of opportunities, not only for us but people around me and our futures children. Education is something that we need in life, something that we need to do so we can become successful in life, education gives us opportunities like jobs, and it gives us a better life. Without education our world would not continue to expand and evolve.

A Preview Of The Twentieth Century Essay

History tells us so much that the essence of humanity would be of a void nature without it. We can safely prescribe that history is the collective experience of humanity itself. Thus, a distortion made upon history is irreverence to our collective experience. If one distorts history, he/she changes humanitys deportment story. at that place is a need to preserve history as it happened. From history we learn lessons and avoid doing things that lead us to our own destruction. Take for example the 2 world wars that happened, if a third world war happens, then we, humanity, did not learn and care at all about our own history. History distortions ordinarily happen in the ideological and political arena. These distortions kill human lives. Conflicts that happen in the Europe and the Middle East as well as in America are caused by differences on the way people view religion and faith. Infamous of these are bombings caused by Muslim fundamentalists.Hence, history should be taught as it ha ppened. History should be taught with clarity and vividness. People are intelligent enough to discern between the good and bad events that happened. Respect given for each otherwises perspective and ideology should be encouraged to avoid conflicts. An integration of history arriving at the closest description of events as they happen should be make taking into consideration the differences in the religious and political beliefs of different races. Research should be done in order to correct the mistakes made on write history. Yet, the most important of these is respect. If people cannot agree on a particular issue of history, then their only option is to respect its others views. There is no other alternative, they must respect each other. History is what we are. If we distort our perception of history, we change our very lives meaning.

Operation Management Essay

Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide students with an understanding of the role and importance of trading operations management in the efficient and effective achievement of goods and services. It will enable students to realise that the proper organisation of productive systems, and their interfaces with internal as well as external customers and suppliers, is of the essence(p) if goods/services are to be fetchd on epoch, to cost and within the laws and regulations. Scenario.Impressive Burgers was established 10 years ago with the goal of providing fast take past food to their customers quickly and of a higher quality to that of their rivals. Each restaurant offered a simple menu structure with a choice of four do repast options. 1. Burger, Chips & Soft Drink 2. Cheeseburger, Chips & Soft Drink 3. Chicken Burger, Chips & Soft Drink 4. Vegetarian Burger, Chips & Soft Drink Customers were offered a choice of size of whole(prenominal) meal Regular, Medium or La rge. The size of the chips and drinks portions varied but the burger size remained the same.Using this format they were able to serve each customer their order within 4 minutes from a ordering at the till to receiving their complete order to take away. Each restaurant places their orders with the suppliers directly based on the managers prediction for demand based on the reports generated by the restaurants own till system. These orders arrive in one shipment once every other week. The go with has grown to a chain of restaurant operations and the management introduced a morsel of changes to the format 12 months ago in an effort to increase each business at each restaurants.The number of set meal options available on the menu was increased to offer more options to the customer and to attract customers desire healthier options. The menu options were increased by a further three options 5. Chicken Nuggets, Chips & Soft Drink 6. Chicken Salad, Garlic Bread, & Soft Drink 7. eager Dog , Chips & Soft Drink In addition to these set menu additions the telephoner also offered the option of changing the chips option on the set meals for either a Side Salad or for Potato Wedges. The restaurants themselves have not changed and the number of staff and machinery has remained at the same levels before the menu changes.Since these changes were implemented there has been a outstanding increase in turnover and the number of customers that are visiting each of their restaurants. However, overall profit has declined dramatically over the last 12 months and the corporation predicts that if it continues the company will report its first loss in its history within the next 6 months. The company is considering expanding its operations by opening a number of new outlets but want to identify the problems to the issues they are currently facing. The company has begun to investigate why the mixed fortunes have arisen and has identified a number of issues. answer times have increased dramatically and it now takes an sightly of 9 minutes for a customer to be served and the number of customer complaints has increased. The main complaints take rude and agitated staff and incorrect or incomplete orders. The total value of stock held at each restaurant has increased by an average of 20% and waste has dramatically increased. The CEO of Impressive Burgers is worried about the current development and has recruited you as Operations Manager with the responsibility of rectifying the situation that the company is currently facing.Your first assignment as Operations Manager is to produce a formal report to the management which includes the following tasks Outcome Assessment Criteria No(s) 1. visit the nature and explain the importance of operational management 1. 1 importance of operational management explain the need to produce safely on time to cost to quality and within the law 1. 2 explain the link between operations management and strateg ic planning 1. 3 produce a systems diagram to illustrate a typical business 1. 4 2 Understand the link between explain the Three Es (economy, efficiency and effectiveness) operations management and 2. 1 strategic planning explain the tension between cost minimisation and quality maximisation 2. 2 evaluate the significance of the five-spot performance objectives that underpin operations management 2. 3 explain linear programming 3.1 3 Understand how to organise a typical production process evaluate critical path analysis and vane planning 3. 2 explain the need for operational planning and control 3. 3 produce a set of clearly be operational outcomes 4. 1 4 Be able to apply relevant techniques to the production produce a net sound plan and indicate the resultant critical path of an operational plan for a 4. 2 typical business explain how quality could be defined and maintained 4.3 As signment Tasks Assessment Criteria You are required to produce a formal and written report to cover the underlisted tasks. Task 1 beg off the importance of operational management in an organization such as Impressive Burgers and explain Three Es (economy, efficiency and effectiveness and its relevance in the industry in which Impressive Burgers operates. 1. 1,2. 1 Task 2 Critically evaluate Impressive Burgers approach to expanding their operation. 1. 2,1. 3,1.4 Task 3 Discuss the reasons privy the problems the company is facing and make suggestions for rectifying the situation. 3. 1,3. 2,3. 3 Task 4 Considering the effects on the operations, identify ways in which the overall operation could be amend and expanded further. 4. 1,4. 2 Grading Criteria The assignment will be graded into Pass, Merit and Distinction against the following criteria Pass A pass grade is achieved by meeting all th e requirements defined in the unit outcomes.Grading Criteria The assignment will be graded into Pass, Merit and Distinction against the following criteria Pass A pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the unit outcomes. Merit & Distinction M1 chance upon and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Identify areas relevant for each task in the assignment and respond accordingly and professionally M2 Select and apply appropriate techniques Evidence of processing and synthesised complex info/data. Appropriate learning methods/techniques have been applied Report should have proper citations and reference list to all sources including your field-visit observations, books, magazines and other material used for research M3 accede and communicate appropriate findings Present your views coherently and logically Demonstrate real situations in your assignment D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Justify your ideas in a professional manner. Propose realistic ideas for the future based on the current status Learner presented CONCLUSIONS for all tasks/areas D2 Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities Show that you did the assignment alone and in accordance with the time. Assignments referred will automatically achieve the minimum grade too for improper discussion of task D3 Demonstrate creative thinking Demonstrate that you followed all the guidelines while doing the assignment and have utilised adequate and relevant words for the specific. business environs Apply innovation and creative thought in your work. Required Evidence Report (Your report should be approximately 1800 words and you are likely to be penalized if it exceeds 2000 words. If you feel it is essential to include minute education, put it in an appendix and refer to this appendix in the text. Your sources of information should be clearly identified) Reading & invest igate Resources Lecture slides F Rowbotham et el (2007) Operations Management in Context S Brown et al (2000), Strategic Operations Management, Butterworth Heinemann. L Galloway L et al (2000), Operations Management in Context, Butterworth-Heinemann. J Heizer and B Render (2003), Operations Management, Prentice Hall. N Slack et al (2000), Operations Management, Pitman. D L Waller D L (1999), Operations Management A Supply Chain Approach, Thompson Newspapers, trade journals, magazines Guidelines for Presentation All assignments must be word-processed using Times New roman print (12 point) and stapled in the top left hand corner. Page numbers must be included at the bottom of each page. Secondary sources should be adjudge using the Harvard Referencing Students are requested to attach the assessment activity front sheet on the top of each report with all personal information (name, and student number etc. ) accurately presented. Every report must have a front page sho wing the title, class and name The distance of writing will be limited to about 1800-2000 words. Note Assignment that did not follow this Guidelines for presentation will not be accepted. piracy form _or_ system of government The college has strict penalty for plagiarism and the assignment will be cancelled if the assignment is observed for this. The definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below Plagiarism occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any other person (including another student) or of any institution.Examples of forms of plagiarism include The direct (word for word) copying of anothers work without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement The close paraphrasing of anothers work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation, without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement Unacknowledged quotation of phrases from anothers work The deliberate and deta iled presentation of anothers concept as ones own. All types of work submitted by students are covered by this definition, including, written work, diagrams, designs, technology drawings and pictures.

Although Gimpel Appeared to Be a Fool, He Is a Man of Wisdom Essay

Although Gimpel appeargond to be a loaf, he was re only(prenominal)y a wise composition. Gimpel the fool through clever mental picture, underlying symbolism, and an in-depth point of view, the short story Gimpel the fool, written by Isaac Bashevis Singer, clearly reinforces the age-old concept that repentance, along with good deeds, will ultimately be rewarded in time. Gimpels whole-hearted yet gullible characterization weaves an important pattern in the storys meaning. Gimpel the Fool is a story of laughter and sadness. Gimpel was a male kidskin that had a reputation of being a fool since his early age. People were always playing tricks at him. Although Gimpel appeared to be a fool, he was really a wise man. He showed he was a wise man by loving the children that were non his, being a believer in his religion and by non taking advice from the Devil. There are many ways in which Gimpel appeared to be a fool. First the young men of the village spent a great deal of time makin g fun of poor Gimpel.It appeared that he was taken in by their stories to an extreme degree. Even as he went about his employment in the bakery, the townspeople continue to tell Gimpel fantastic tales that became more and more fantastic. An example of people making fun of him was the following Gimpel, there is a fair in heaven Gimpel, the rabbi gave yield to a calf in the seventh month Gimpel, a cow flew over the roof and laid brass eggs. Gimpel, while you stand here shekels with your bakers shovel the Messiah has come. The death heaven arisen. What do you mean? Gimpel said. I heard no one blowing the rams car horn The kid said. Are you deaf? And all began to cry, We heard it, we heard Gimpel, your father and m new(prenominal) live with stood up from the grave. They are looking for you (Singer 79). Because Gimpel believed everything that everyone told him he became the foolish boy of the town. The reason why Gimpel believed what people told him was that all of these stories were class of real to him.Each story of each(prenominal) person would reveal any wish and desires that they susceptibility have in their psyche. That was why the story was so easily to invent. The worst trick that the townspeople did to him was the marriage to Elka. Elka was the towns slut. She already had a child that she said was her brother. Gimpel, being the fool that everyone knew, believed every word that she said. Then Gimpel marries Elka without knowing all her real story. Even though the people of the town knew the truth no one told him anything. In addition, on their wedding day a guy brought a crib because Elka was pregnant with some other child from a nonher man that was not Gimpel. When they started living together Elka did not allow Gimpel to use the similar bed with her. After four month, Elka appears with another baby. She tells Gimpel that the baby was premature. Then Gimpel tells her Is he not a little too premature. However the thing was that Gimpel never slept with her so he must not have how babies were formed (Singer 82).Another thing was that Elka was always with other men instead of Gimpel. At one time Gimpel caught her with another man, but she denied everything. Elka swore and cursed him. But he continued with her even though she was not closelipped to him. In many ways Gimpel was a wise man. The love of the children was very important to Gimpel. He always thought that there were his. When Elka became sick she told Gimpel the truth that the kids were not his and she was never faithful to Gimpel (Geimer850-851). This was Gimpels reaction What is there to forgive? You have been a good and faithful wife. Woe, Gimpel She said. It was ugly how I deceived you all these years. I want to go clean to my Maker, and so I have to tell you that the children are not yours. After he knew that the children were not his, he did not disown them.He continued to treat them the same. When he went to retire he took approximately of his money out of the bank and divided the money in to equal parts for each one of them (Singer 86-87). Furthermore Gimpels Religion beliefs are very strong. He was Jewish and his beliefs in the religion did not let him be a detrimental person. Even when he knew the truth of him being mocked by other, Gimpel does not care. The only thing he does is forgive everyone and continue his life. An example of this occurs when Gimpel find Elka with another man and he goes to the rabbi to tell him what happened I said to the rabbi, What shall I do? You must divorce her at once, said he. And what if she refuses? I asked. He said, You must serve the divorce, that is all youll have to do. I said, Well, all right, Rabbi. Let me think about it.There is nothing to think about, said he. You must not remain under the same roof with her. This shows that he was a religious person, because he went directly to the rabbi did not go to anyone else. Because he was the fool, everyone knew he does not get upset and he forgave El ka and he dropped the charges that he made of her cheating on him. He said that he saw a shadow and he was wrong about Elka being with another man (Singer 83-85). Gimpel shows his wisdom, too by rejecting the devils influence.At the end Gimpel gets a visit from the devil, and this is what happened Devil Gimpel, why do you sleep? Gimpel What should I be doing? Eating replace? Devil The whole reality deceives you, and you ought to deceive the world in your turn. Gimpel How can I deceive all the world? Devil You might accumulate a bucket of urine every day and at night pour it into the dough. Let the sages of Frampol eat filth. Gimpel What about judgment in the world to come? Devil They have sold you a bill of goods and talked you into believing you carried a cat in your belly.What nonsenseGimpel Well then, and is there a graven image?Devil There is no God either.Gimpel What, is here, then?Devil A thick mere.Then one night Elka appeared in Gimpels dream. She told him to do not do tha t, because the only person he was deceiving was himself. After all he did not take any advice from the devil (Singer 87).The story Gimpel the Fool was a extraordinary and humorous story. This story presents a humorous psychological study as well as an analysis of the nature of reality. This kind of story can only be done by a Jewish writer. For Singer people do not have to be insane to make this kind of story. From the beginning, Gimpel was not sure why people treated him like a fool. His apparent foolishness consists in his taking the line of least resistance to forefend the world around him. The people around him mostly created the world that Gimpel lives. Gimpel the intelligent or sainted fool was an invention of Yiddish fiction. The way that Singer showed this character was in a different way that concludes that Gimpel was a creation of irony in way (Siegel 365). In conclusion Gimpel was a saint, he looked and acted like a fool because of his innocence.He showed that his fooli shness was intelligence and because of his good heart he never let anyone suffer not even himself. The rejection of the devil showed his beliefs in God and the obstinacy of a good and understanding heart. Forgiving everyone of what they did to him was a wise thing to do. Here on earth it does not matter much if you are a fool like Gimpel who forgives and forgets it only means that people can pick on you and make fun of you. However, in Gods view it is the most important and amazing thing to do. Gimpel himself showed everyone that being a fool has some benefits.

Hospitality industry Essay

Oxford Dictionary defines cordial reception as receiving and hosting guests, visitors and st threadrs with cordiality and good reputation. Receptors cordial reception work perceive this service celestial sphere accompanied by nutriment and friendly service good drink and familiar atmosphere. On the other hand, those who append these services sometimes overhear the impression that, despite their efforts, clients can sometimes be picky and ungrateful. Regardless of the position they occupy, it is clear that the scope of maskivities influence pot smell, growing up over time. Inter home(a) at that place is a constant victimization and continuous improvement of hospitality industries.To welcome those who travel the ball, literally and figuratively extend our hospitality and it is taking up with their requirements. For m each battalion, facade, appearance or location corresponds the runner impression that remains and is the most important. The hospitality industry, more( prenominal) than than any other, is facing strong to the people. What create that lasting impression nodes is effective, efficiency and hospitality of the people who by attitude and their kindness, hospitality is people oriented.But starting from the victor meaning of the concept of hospitality, the hospitality industry can be defined with respect broad a range of commercial accommodation activities and / or food service for people who argon far from home does non matter if is for longer or shorter time. In other words, the hospitality industry be not only great hotels and restaurants, except also a wide range of commercial activities such as lymph gland residences, snack bars and fast-food establishments. The essence of hospitality is to ensure food, entertainment and accommodation for those who ar away from home.The foundation of this work were made in Europe in the Middle Ages, the monasteries functioned as a guest houses for pilgrims. Subsequently, the work was extended by establishing inns for travelers, located along the main thoroughfares. Development occurs inns and hotels related an strict development of travel and holidays. The evolution of transport technologies allowed mass range of consumer leisure or vocation, creating an urgent need of accommodation and catering for people in away from home. Is generally accepted that hospitality, as an attribute of good manners, represents an main(a) objective of ecstasyism.Regarded as a true art, the art of hospitality is intended to structure the customer for the service unit in such way that consumer outputs and services feel really wanted is treated as a guest. In addition, more than practice it occasionally grown into a true profession. Hospitality as a profession can be defined therefore as the deal of providing psychological and physiological comfort and safety of the client, while the consumption of products need on the premises benefit. In this context, this attribute can accept industri al-scale development? Seen in terms of scale and investment characteristics and the fact that this field of economic life is one work intensive, dedicated to the hospitality industry is similar industries.In the specialty literature doubts persist in using this terminology, especially in congress to the scope of thenhospitality industry. Thus, a series of authors consider as part of this field only food and accommodation services, perhaps because those benefits are offered under the same premises works like industrial units, other authors, however, consider it appropriate a broader approach, including leisure services and even the marketing of products. (David P. Baron crease and its surroundings, fourth adaptation)In terms of ownership, tour operators are found in both the surreptitious and public sector Private Sector. Increasing the number of proceedings and mergers within the industry came amid plumb or horizontal integration. Horizontal integration involves expanding w ithin an industry sector, for example through the development of hotel chains or engagement by opening innovative routes. Companies grouped in this formula is in an integrated chain, controlled by a unique decision. They offer a homogeneous product exchange under the same brand, using the techniques work together. Horizontal integration means not only achieve these general goals, but also sacrifice to better accommodate certain geographical dimensions of touristry.Purchase of touristry enterp heaves in the coastal and mountainous areas, for example, may allow the transfer of staff and a seasonal worker effective use throughout the year human and material resources. Vertical integration within an fundamental law bringing together various industry sectors, for example, when a company buys hotel or tour operator travel agency opened retailers. Integration can occur from within by developing a modernistic product or activities of the companys internal resources or outdoor(a) ac quisition or takeover by other companies.As with other industries, the involution through integration of technical and financial benefit. Increase the size of a firm enables him to take salutary advantage of computerization, a very important subdivision in terms of travel bookings or may mean developing scientific research that would provide a competitive edge. The public sector is inevitable at different levels, to pursue the public interest and provide goods and services whose cost cannot be covered by the private sector. The public sector is refer in tourism, directly or indirectly, for different reasons economic genial and culturalthe environmentPoliceTax.Types of ownership in the industry of hospitality are the followings sole- flip-flopr, partnership, private or public companies (limited liabilities), franchise. Sole trader- a form of business in which the owner has the unlimited li talent , Partnership can be two or more people who share skills and workload, Company it has to be registered before to start the business, the owners are its shareholders who puts funds in the company by buying share . imm atomic number 53 the franchisor is selling the right to operate under its company license to the franchiser.The diversity of the Hospitality industry consist in its different types of products and services it is offering such as different food and beverage products (e.g diversity of cuisine, vegetarian meals, nutrient level of the dishes, halal meat, etc), different types of accommodation(e.g. hotels, guests houses, campus accommodation, villas, apartments, cottages), leisure services, conferences, meetings and banquetings. (Dr. Sam handout)1.2/P2Systemic analysis reveals nine-fold functions and businesses increasingly important that they have the organizational structure as the main organizational subsystem. If hospitality organizations k without delayn two dimensions of organizational structure horizontal dimension, vertical dimension.The hori zontal dimension reflects general division of labor in specific activities or components. Working in horizontal organizational structure can be grouped into functional structures and supreme units, drives hybridizing matrix units. Structure functional groups similar positions to produce and sell a service. Functional structures typical small tourism enterprises are simple and operate in a simple and stable also. Structure of a small restaurant is shown in figure belowStructure- ground autonomous units grouped under a single manager, whose positions work occupiers unlike running, but localisees on unmistakable service orgroup of services a customer or customer group, geographic area. Organizing such autonomous units is adopted by large enterprises, transnational, operating in an unstable environment and heterogeneous. Example Hilton International.Structure in integrateds hybrid autonomous units and functional incisions centralized and located at headquarters. A hybrid organizati onal structure is typical for a large company that faces an uncertain external environment and heterogeneous. A strength of this type of structure is that it takes advantage of concentration and coordination of autonomous units and functional departments are centrally such as research department developmentMatrix organizational Westfield area structure is achieved by using simultaneous mixing functional structure or structure-based autonomous units. A new feature of this type of structure is that some workers should report more people and not a single manager. Matrix organizational structure is designed to determine collaboration amid product managers and functional managers.Function ManagementProduct ManagersProduction ManagerDirectorMarketing ManagerCEO Hotel A123CEO Hotel B456CEO Hotel C789Matrix cells numbered in the draw above represents workers or teams of workers from the 3 hotels. Of note is that the hotel manager had to work with three functional managers and each funct ional manager must cooperate with each of the three managers of hotels. Conditions requiring matrix organization are 1. Strong pressure for dual focus on engineering and product 2. Pressure related to the amount of data and its process capacity 3. Pressure on the general resources of the enterprise.After their content, the relationships within an organization are Relationships determines the effective exercise of authority. They are divided into Hierarchical relationships ensure unity of action, giving the enterprise, from this point of view, the appearance of a pyramid. The relation established amid functional and operational departments, hierarchically subordinated them.Staff relations are separate of the low gear two categories are established as a result of the delegation by senior management, usually on the top hierarchical organization of the project to solve their behalf problems disturbing multiple compartments. Cooperation relations established between stations on the same hierarchical level, but belonging to different compartments. Control relationships arising between specialized departments control and other departments of the company. Spontaneous relations are a consequence of the endureence of the informal organization structure. (Teare R. , Adams D., Messenger S. CASSELL Managing Projects in Hospitality Organizations 1992)1.3/P3The national trade association for hotel, restaurants and catering sector is represented by the British Hospitality Association (BHA). Almost every public hotel group or independent hotels, restaurants, pubs food services, motorway services and many hospitality associations are members of BHA, who promotes the interests of the hole hospitality sector to the EU commission, government, ministers MPs, MEPs, MSPs, and media.Exist 16 additional committee on the job(p) with the sector and its specific issues such as Management of food and service Forum, Local Hospitality Association, National Committee of Restaurants As sociation, Club Panel, Committee of Area operationsMotorway Services. It is offering aid and development for more than 40,000 establishments and over 500,000 employee were trained in order to improve their skills and get qualifications in the hospitality sector.The hospitality sector in UK boost its profitability with a series of events like Olympic Games 2012 and will be delivering world class service to the Ryder Cup and Commonwealth Games in 2014 and the Rugby World Cup in 2015. (www.bha-online.org.uk) pack inaugural is delivering a World Host customer service training (e.g. the successful event 2010 Vancouver spend Olympics). Modern and energetic offering a comprehensive training the program can be found on DVD and CD scenario. People 1st is offering training and development for a series of industry but regarding the hospitality sector its focus is on the success key of the business, quality front-line customer service. They offer fight from the new entering peoples in the industry to the experience staff in order to increase their chances to promote to the top positions.People 1st created the successful lead GIF (growth and innovation funds) for the hospitality in UK who brings together the industry bodies, individuals or businesses in order to promote training, innovation and career in the industry and also economic growth. It advice the employers how to use the employees skills and gives them a high quality training program. It support also the government ministers, associations and multinational business. (www.people1st.co.uk)(https//www.google.co.uk/search?)HOSPA is a non-profit organization with the aim to help and support education, it support the careers development in management, finance, IT, marketing, accountancy and is keeping up to date with the industry new trends. Its monthly magazine focus on its members reflecting the new trends, offering topics to the professional resources.BIIAB is the owned BII organizations who offers qualificatio ns to the license retail sector available across UK. Members should be clear that werepresent them and their views in influencing brass policy and importantly other key stakeholders in the industry. Its important that BII looks, to the next generation of members and establishes a credible route to market for young people who aspire to work in this great industry. Tim sees the role of BII as raising the reputation of the industry as a valued career, said Tim Hulme ABII, heading Executive. (http//biiab.bii.org/biiab-usefulinformation/whos-who-in-biiab)City and Guilds of London has been the main provider of qualifications for those woking in food preparation and cooking, food and beverage services, front of the house and accommodation services. On average its awards between 50,000 60,000 certificates a year in the sector.2.1/P4It is well documented that the hospitality industry is an important part of the UK economy. Is an estimate that over 500,000 people are employed in the indust ry. As the industry grows not only need more staff, are required a variety of skills for different occupations, who needs to expand and meet the customer expectations. E.g. the hotel managers are no longer seen as good hosts . they need to be good team leaders with strong technical and financial skills, capable to wear thin a wide variety of responsibilities from training to the development of customers and staff relations. They need to have as well a multi-cultural approach to business operations and the ability to cope with stressful situations.It is estimate that the number of young people will increase so training and development is crucial in order to support the acknowledgement process for unskilled and semiskilled people employed in the industry and also for volunteers, seasonal workers or part time workers. For the new incoming in order to start a career in hospitality the minimum requirement are a good command of English, good dialogue skills, positive attitude, friendly approach, customer oriented and hard working.An increased attention need to be given to the methods of advertising, selection, recruiting, induction and training specially for the staff who comes from outback(a) UK due to the establishment of European single market, and finding solutions to the problems of a decreasing supply ofyoung people coming in the industry and the effort tell towards reducing the high level of labor turnover experienced by the sector.If for new entry staff are not any specific faculty member requirements just the automatic to work hard and a positive attitude, for public facing role employers prefer candidates who have previous experience even certifications and qualifications in a customer service environment and show good skills and the appreciation of service quality.The industry offer possibility to work in a full time or part time basis, fix program or shifts, employing many womans and young people and allow them to move ready the certain areas of the industry. (Managing Projects in Hospitality Organization, Treare Richard and Co., CASSELL) Core occupationsThe sector employs both a large number of core occupations (specific to the sector) and additional occupations (found in most sectors). The following provides use numbers for the sectors core occupations Kitchen and catering assistants (402,200) Chefs and cooks (273,200) Waiting staff (235,200) Bar staff (196,100) Restaurant and catering managers (158,200) Housekeepers and related occupations (59,800) Hotel and accommodation managers (58,400) Travel agents (47,600) Publicans and managers of authorize premises (43,500) Leisure and root park attendants (24,000) Conference and exhibition managers (22,400) Travel and tour guides (16,600) Hotel porters (12,100) Travel agency managers (8,500(www.people1st.co.uk/research)2.2/P5City and Guilds London Institute offers qualifications for front of the house services, food and beverage operations, chefs and food preparation, accommo dation. The Business and Technician Council (BTEC) is another key organization which provides awards for all level of competence. The number of individual obtaining qualifications in areas of hotels, catering, travel, tourism and pastime is approximately 9,000/year. Hotel and Catering Training Company (HCTC) and the Hotel, Catering and Institutional Management Association (HCIMA) are others institutes who offer qualifications for the industry staff. Managers in the hospitality industry are educated and trained through a wide variety of routes.The awarding bodies involved at these level include BTEC, the Council of National Academic Awards (CNAA), the HCIMA and the university sector. Separate arrangements exist in Scotland in the form of the Scottish Vocational Education Council (SCOTVEC). Exist two significant reports published who concerned mainly on management education.The first analyzed the management education in USA, Germany, France, Japan and UK. The founded argued that mana gement group in the overseas are more likely to have been educated to a higher level and are more likely to have benefited from formal and systematic policies for continuing education and development than in the UK. The report recommended that leading organizations should act as role models of good practice and that individuals should stiff higher level of education.The second report provided a thorough appraisal of management in the UK. Its findings showed that although there was general willingness opportunities to consider new of approaches, Britains management development opportunities of their competitors. it was recognize that management education could greatly improve the effectiveness of managers on average a British manager received only few days formal training per year. NVQ (National Vocational Qualifications) have been designed to offer qualifications in the industry from entry levels to the top management positions, so everyone can become better and improve skills and knowledge by getting NVQ accredited.(Managing Projects in Hospitality Organization, Treare Richard and Co.,CASSELL, p243)3.1/P6PESTEL analysisThe political environmentThe political environment is important for tourism companies, because there are laws, rules and tactics. Therefore, it is important to establish the place of political government agency in tourism and how political power to influence the future and the effects of these tactics. It is also important to identify the level at which an organization operates in a political tour. For example, a Belgian tour operator will face a political environment of local government, national government and EU legislation. Additionally, you will have to face political environments in the countries whose destinations are included in bid. Economic Environment.Tourism service providers will find that internationalistic economic environment affect the take up for their services and support costs of such services. Examples of this are giv en by hotel chains like Best Western (U.S.) and Intercontinental (Japan), carriers, and Eurotunnel (UK / France) and Korean Air (South Korea) and holders of tourist attractions like Disneyland (USA, France). Socio-culturalFacto influencing the socio-cultural tourism organizations are related to the size and population, social class, attitudes and values. Demographics deals with the study population and the population is important for tourism organizations for two reasons First, the population is a key factor influencing demand for tourism organizations. Secondly, labor organizations supporting tourism is derived from the population. For example, a country with large population represents a potential market for tourism services and one in which economies of scale can be achieved.Technological environment- collecting technology, dissembling technology, shorting reprocessing and use technology is a technological environmentprovides tourism organizations both opportunities and threats. Opportunities resulting from technological development can be found in cheaper supplies in improvement of goods and services or to better marketing.Legal environment such as vast protocols, rules and regulations, standards, contractual issues, planning system, facilities permitting, product stewardship legislation, landfill restrictions (liquids, tires, pretreatments),.Environmental factors peak oil (oil reserves), virgin resource and landfill availability, exploitation impact (damages to the ecosystem), climate changes (future temperature, rise and impact), weather change, carbon balance recycle vs. virgin material. (Davin P. Baron, Business and its Environments, fourth edition p428)3.2/P7It has long been committed and only hotels under construction are increasingly using all kinds of green technologies. In addition, these environmental initiatives applies not only to expensive hotels in the world, but also in CIS countries. One of the most developed areas reducing the cost of electricity, more hotels now use LED bulbs, which although more expensive, but consumes 3-4 times less electricity. Life in LED too. To consume less electricity utility to create a mini panel. In regions with good wind level, many hotels are increasingly equipped with turbines.Rarely utilize other alternative energy sources. More hotels in Astrakhan use generators on biodiesel. In the book Gaia Napa Valley heat lighting technologies used, increasing use of cars with alternative engines. So, increasingly, to go to a hotel used by electric vehicles and taxis and freight cars with hybrid engines. For example, California, Ambrose Hotel offers clients limousines on hybrid engine.Household chemicals is an area that is too stupid to be updated. Being introduced more and more secure means of washing. A number of hotels in bathrooms are courteous customer requests to throw in a basket all the towels that need washing, so do not wash towels mountain again. As the scale of hospitality enormo us amount ofharmful substances into the atmosphere when washing is absolutely clean linen and towels. help is paid to environment friendly building materials to use when building new hotels and repair old ones.Green directions are important, for example, it is wise to use water to rule the heating-cooling processes inside, reducing plastic packaging. For example, already referred to American Hotel Gaia Napa Valley established the so-called gray water (runoff from showers and sinks), which is passed through a small strain is used to fill the pond and watering of vegetation great site.Environmental initiatives also bring revenue by improving the image of the hotel. Hotels online websites on the profit and on site to form a section of environment demanding comments that describe achievement, environment and individual health care. The business are bound to become greener as a desire to reduce their costs, and in an effort to attract more visitors because people are more aware of e nvironmental issues. (http//ecology.md/md/section.php?)CRS (Corporate Social Responsibilities)The social responsibility perspective focus on role of business identified by concerns that extend beyond economic efficiency. Those role may steam from social needs to otherwise adequately addressed or from the consequences or market imperfections. They may also stem from concerns that government is either unable or opposed to address. E.g. some companies have voluntarily institute programs to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in response to global climate change. From this perspective social responsibilities arise from the needs and the original concern of individuals, and business must assets those needs and concerns to determine the extent of its responsibilities.Business leader advocate corporate social responsibilities for a variety of reasons. Some are argue that there are some objectives that can be achieved only through direct corporate actions. Business for example may be mor e efficient than the government or educational institutions at training workers for certain jobs. Other business leaders call restraint of the pursuit of profits and for self-regulation in the hope that will forestall additional government intervention and regulation.These calls are viewed by some as a necessaryresponse to pressures arising from the nonmarket environment. Some calls for corporate social responsibility are directed to the public with the intent of increasing public support for businesses. Some who call for corporate social responsibility believes that unless the business uses the rhetoric of social responsibility and more intervention by the government will result. That intervention could not only harm business interest but would also impair efficiency, competitiveness and the well being of society. (Davin P. Baron, Business and its Environments, fourth edition p647)4.1/P8The Yield Management is a concept, an approach to maximize profit based on careful tracking of the evolution of values and tariffs and set, taking into account actual sales and availability of the company. By applying Y.M. aims at determining the highest tariff to be aerated within cost and available capacities and also ensure that all those customers wishing to benefit from a particular product or service and willing to relent the fee to be able to do. Basically, Y.M. providesMaximizing the average profit for a product available based on customer expectations on price and view its highest value that customers are willing to pay Seasonality of demand reduction by transferring its excess of other peak timesY.M. is based on the analysis and exposition of the demand curve, concept representing an reflexion of the relationship between price and demand. Customers are divided into different segments according to the wishes and their willingness to pay, yielding several price levels. As an expression of applying the Y.M. Tourist practice, Scott Hornick identified five functiona l componentsmarket segmentationStructuring pricing policyDemand forecastsWillingness and ability to leadNegotiate appointmentsMarket Segmentation entails identifying distinct groups of tourists with different behaviors that are important for travel company on the activity, the price or decisions. Pricing policy considering the possibility of offering a different price categories for each customer segment, according to market changes and requirements. Demand forecast is made taking into account previous sales, size and structure of customer segments and the prices that they are willing to accept.Willingness to lead, as well as negotiating appointments, refers to the attempt to quantify the characteristics of the application. Company must take into account any changes that occur, and the fact that some customers are willing to bring off prices. (Marketing Hospitality, third edition, 2002, Cathy H.C. HSU, Tom Powers)Following the emergence of new tools are needed for globalization man age processes, multi-ethnicity and culture and support employees and businesses to meet all stakeholders. The planning and management of destinations and profile companies must take account a number of changes in society and the world economy. According to economic theory, globalization is seen as a process evolve gradually. The models can be used to illustrate the scope and involvement in international transactions.Anne-Mette Hjalager (2007, pp. 437-457) constructs a model descriptive four academic degrees of globalization of the tourism industry in order to make understand the complexity of the dynamic interactions take place outside of borders. The level of analysis is the community interest and their stakeholders tourism companies, communities, national and local etc. Consequently, globalization is seen as a result of both the singular decisions taken by the companies profiled and policy makers national and local.The first stage includes national tourism system tests to access new markets. The purpose of missionaries tour is to attract customers by firms, destinations or countries where tourism product will be sold or consumed. Force communication emerge beyond the promotional campaigns international markets for consumers, being a strong bond between tourism associations and other collaborating organizations. conference is possible overcomingbarriers in many countries where some tourist organizations are reluctant to changes.The second stage describes the integration and incorporation of tourism businesses across national borders. Investments beyond their own country is a subject treated extensively in the literature of globalization. In tourism, reproduction and external expansion of successful business concepts recognized most consumers are a powerful force majeure globalization. Transfer of capital and concepts is pregnant in this industry, and the pros and cons of cultural and economic hegemony discussed in a largely plethoric when the transfer is d one by countries developing. Two methods are developed global integration more first business integration through investments, mergers and acquisitions, and then trade overall concepts through franchises and licenses.The third stage refers to the spatial fragmentation and relocation production processes. In recent years there was an increasing emphasis on creating profitability through extensive fragmentation and optimize the entire value chain. While a great deal of resources are local only national, international markets affecting the availability of increasingly more composition of the local tourism product and the production process. In this service with a high degree of submerging of work, the supply of human and is immaterial importance. Finally, in the fourth step, it is questionable identity industry and new types of markets and business concepts that will exceeds previous definitions of tourism.Many organizations and many researchers are involved in trying to define and e xplain logically tourism traditional economic statistical categories. Although the model suggests a logical progression to the net stage the more complex, in practice, they overlap. (http//store.ectap.ro/articole)4.2/P9Future trends in the Hospitality IndustryCan be summarized as followsMore green and eco lodgings,Development of meg hotels (multipurpose facilities with casino, shops, theatre, theme park), More boutique hotels,Intelligent hotels with advance technology using the guest fingerprint in order to perform all the operations (charge, check in and out), Increasingthe employee salaries in order to retain the existing staff,The effect of information technology shows more than ever that knowledge is power.Providing an outstanding service, people safety and security, the technology that enhance competitors, globalization, the people demand, development of tourism lodgings, report between quality and quantity and price and value all this are current and future trends which a ffect the hospitality industry.Lifestyle and Quality plays an essential role in attracting and retaining the customers reason why service quality force industry organizations to search for competitive advantages, rise above guests expectations, build relationships with each customer, review their policy. In order to achieve a better customer satisfaction and loyalty, attract and retain the guests. The researches in the sector shows that a high rate of customer satisfaction drives to a bigger financial outcome in the industry. (Dr. Sam handout)ConclusionsPurpose of this study is to provide an overview of the hospitality industry its benefits, the scope and the extension that have had over the years, becoming an essential part of everyday life. Our world is in a constant motion, a world full of changes, opportunities and issues. In the hospitality industry customers are changing, the technology is changing, markets are changing reason why hospitality organizations are trying to become more customer focused, to develop and improve their performance, encouraging innovation.The new trend and existing trends derives the sector to success by offering solutions, being a basic instalment of prosperity helping to increase the performance and preparing the industry to face challenges. The industry has a big impact on economic growth and is creating employment and offers support for people to develop their skills training them throw the hospitality professionals bodies, aimed and promoting them to the top positions.One big issue of the industryregarding the employees is the salary. The organizations should take is count the long working hours, stress, the factors affecting the environment of working place, review their health and safety rules and protection in working place, motivating them by increasing the salaries and paid holidays, keep them happy in order to have happy customers and increase their revenue. The benefits of working in the sector include learning new s kills, be trained by professionals, learn to be professional, be open to challenges, improve your behaviors and learn how to make money anywhere in the world. Is a quick growing sector offers flexibility and you can have fun while you are getting paid.References Dr. SAM handoutMarketing Hospitality, third edition, 2002, Cathy H.C. HSU, Tom Powers ISBN +-471-34885-6 Teare R. , Adams D., Messenger S. CASSELL Managing Projects in Hospitality Organizations 1992, ISBN 0-304-32505-8 David P. Baron, Business and its Environments, fourth edition p647, ISBN 0-13-047064-3http//biiab.bii.org/biiab-usefulinformation/whos-who-in-biiab http//ecology.md/md/section.phphttp//store.ectap.ro/articolehttps//www.google.co.uk/searchwww.people1st.co.ukwww.bha-online.org.ukhelpfulhttp//www.pointofsalesystems.com.au/page/hospitality.html

Motivation and Employees Essay

need is the word derived from the word motive which core require, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating peck to actions to accomplish the goals. In the last goal context the psychological factor ins stimulating the heaps behaviour faeces be * desire for money * achiever * recognition * crease-satisfaction * team hightail it, etc One of the most classical functions of management is to create guideingness amongst the employees to perform in the outdo of their abilities. Therefore the fictitious character of a tierceer is to switch on interest in performance of employees in their jobs. The process of motivating consists of three stages-1. A felt acquire or drive 2. A stimulus in which require fall in to be aro consumptiond 3. When necessitate atomic number 18 slaked, the satisfaction or accomplishment of goals. Therefore, we weed say that motivation is a psychological phenomenon which means ineluctably and wants of t he individuals consume to be tackled by framing an incentive plan.THEORIES OF MOTIVATIONMASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDSAbraham Maslow is wholesome renowned for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs conjecture in 1943. This theory is a classical depiction of human motivation. This theory is bottomd on the assumption that on that point is a hierarchy of five necessarily within each individual. The urgency of these needs varies. These five needs argon as follows- 1. Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In separate words, physiological needs are the needs for basic amenities of life. 2. Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, surroundal and emotional safety and protection. For instance- Job security, monetary security, protection from animals, family security, wellness security, etc. 3. Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, care, belongingness, and friendship.4. Esteem needs- Esteem needs are of twain t ypes internal concoct needs (self- respect, confidence, competence, achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, attention and admiration). 5. Self-actualization need- This include the urge to become what you are capable of becoming / what you have the potential to become. It includes the need for growth and self-contentment. It also includes desire for gaining more knowledge, kind- service, creativity and being aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully satiable. As an individual grows psychologically, opportunities keep cropping up to continue growing.According to Maslow, individuals are sparkd by unsatisfied needs. As each of these needs is signifi lottly satisfied, it drives and forces the next need to emerge. Maslow grouped the five needs into two cat egotismries Higher- purchase sight needs and Lower-order needs. The physiological and the safety needs constituted the lower-order needs. These lower-order needs are mainly sat isfied externally. The social, esteem, and self-actualization needs constituted the higher-order needs. These higher-order needs are loosely satisfied internally, i.e., within an individual. Thus, we do-nothing conclude that during boom period, the employees lower-order needs are significantly met. Implications of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs possible action for Managers As far as the physiological needs are concerned, the managers should give employees appropriate salaries to purchase the basic necessities of life. Breaks and eating opportunities should be given to employees. As far as the safety needs are concerned, the managers should suffer the employees job security, safe and hygienic urinate environment, and retirement avails so as to retain them. As far as social needs are concerned, the management should encourage teamwork and organize social events. As far as esteem needs are concerned, the managers can appreciate and reward employees on accomplishing and exceeding t heir targets. The management can give the deserved employee higher job rank / position in the organization. As far as self-actualization needs are concerned, the managers can give the employees challenging jobs in which the employees skills and competencies are fully enforced. Moreover, growth opportunities can be given to them so that they can reach the peak. The managers must set the need level at which the employee is existing and then those needs can be utilized as push for motivation.Limitations of Maslows possible action* It is essential to denounce that non all employees are governed by kindred set of needs. Different individuals may be driven by different needs at same point of time. It is ever so the most powerful unsatisfied need that motivates an individual.* The theory is not empirically supported.* The theory is not applicable in case of starvation artist as even if the artists basic needs are not satisfied, he pass on still strive for recognition and achievem ent.HERZBERGS 2 FACTOR THEORYIn 1959, Frederick Herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a two-factor theory or the motivator-hygiene theory. According to Herzberg, in that location are some job factors that solution in satisfaction while there are some other(prenominal) job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg, the opposite of Satisfaction is No satisfaction and the opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction.Herzberg classified these job factors into two categories-a. Hygiene factors- Hygiene factors are those job factors which are essential for existence of motivation at workplace. These do not lead to positive satisfaction for long-term. But if these factors are absent / if these factors are non-existant at workplace, then they lead to dissatisfaction. In other words, hygiene factors are those factors which when adequate / commonsense in a job, pacify the employees and do not make them dissatisfied. These factors are extrinsic to work. Hygiene factors are also called as dissatisfiers or maintenance factors as they are required to avoid dissatisfaction. These factors describe the job environment / scenario. The hygiene factors symbolized the physiological needs which the individuals wanted and expected to be fulfilled. Hygiene factors include * Pay- The earnings or salary structure should be appropriate and reasonable. It must be equal and competitive to those in the same industry in the same domain.* order Policies and administrative policies- The comp all policies should not be too rigid. They should be fair and clear. It should include flexible working hours, dress code, breaks, vacation, etc. * Fringe benefits- The employees should be offered health care plans (mediclaim), benefits for the family members, employee attend programmes, etc. * Physical Working conditions- The working conditions should be safe, clean and hygienic. The work equipments should be updated and well-maintained. * Status- The employees status within the organization should be old(prenominal) and retained. * Interpersonal relations-The relationship of the employees with his peers, superiors and subordinates should be appropriate and acceptable. There should be no conflict or humiliation element present.* Job Security- The organization must provide job security to the employees. b. Motivational factors- According to Herzberg, the hygiene factors cannot be regarded as motivators. The motivational factors yield positive satisfaction. These factors are inherent to work. These factors motivate the employees for a superior performance. These factors are called satisfiers. These are factors involved in performing the job. Employees find these factors intrinsically rewarding. The motivators symbolized the psychological needs that were perceived as an additional benefit. Motivational factors include * Recognition- The employees should be praised and recognized for their accomplishments by the managers.* Sense of achievement- Th e employees must have a sense of achievement. This depends on the job. There must be a fruit of some assortment in the job. * Growth and promotional opportunities- There must be growth and advancement opportunities in an organization to motivate the employees to perform well. * Responsibility- The employees must hold themselves amenable for the work. The managers should give them ownership of the work. They should minimize hear but retain accountability. * Meaningfulness of the work- The work itself should be meaningful, interesting and challenging for the employee to perform and to get motivated. Limitations of Two-Factor TheoryThe two factor theory is not free from limitations1. The two-factor theory overlooks situational variables. 2. Herzberg assumed a correlation between satisfaction and productivity. But the re inquisition conducted by Herzberg stressed upon satisfaction and do by productivity. 3. The theorys reliability is uncertain. Analysis has to be made by the raters . The raters may spoil the findings by analyzing same response in different manner. 4. No comprehensive measure of satisfaction was used. An employee may find his job acceptable despite the fact that he may hate/object part of his job. 5. The two factor theory is not free from bias as it is based on the natural reaction of employees when they are enquired the sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work. They bequeath pat dissatisfaction on the external factors such as salary structure, company policies and peer relationship. Also, the employees lead give credit to themselves for the satisfaction factor at work. 6. The theory ignores manual(prenominal) workers. Despite these limitations, Herzbergs Two-Factor theory is acceptable broadly.Implications of Two-Factor Theory The Two-Factor theory implies that the managers must stress upon guaranteeing the adequacy of the hygiene factors to avoid employee dissatisfaction. Also, the managers must make sure that the work is stim ulating and rewarding so that the employees are motivated to work and perform harder and better. This theory emphasize upon job-enrichment so as to motivate the employees. The job must utilize the employees skills and competencies to the maximum. Focusing on the motivational factors can improve work- property.McGREGORS THEORY X & YIn 1960, Douglas McGregor formulated Theory X and Theory Y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals (employees) one of which is damaging, called as Theory X and the other is positive, so called as Theory Y. According to McGregor, the perception of managers on the temperament of individuals is based on various assumptions.Assumptions of Theory X * An average employee intrinsically does not like work and tries to escape it whenever possible. * Since the employee does not want to work, he must be persuaded, compelled, or warned with punishment so as to achieve organizational goals. A oddment s upervision is required on part of managers. The managers adopt a more dictatorial style. * Many employees rank job security on top, and they have little or no aspiration/ ambition. * Employees generally dislike responsibilities. * Employees resist change. * An average employee needs formal direction. Assumptions of Theory Y* Employees can perceive their job as relaxing and normal. They exercise their physical and mental efforts in an inherent manner in their jobs. * Employees may not require only threat, external control and coercion to work, but they can use self-direction and self-control if they are dedicated and sincere to achieve the organizational objectives. * If the job is rewarding and gratifying, then it will result in employees loyalty and commitment to organization. * An average employee can learn to admit and recognize the responsibility. In fact, he can even learn to discover responsibility. * The employees have skills and capabilities. Their logical capabilities sho uld be fully utilized. In other words, the creativity, resourcefulness and innovative potentiality of the employees can be utilized to solve organizational problems.Thus, we can say that Theory X presents a pessimistic view of employees nature and behaviour at work, while Theory Y presents an optimistic view of the employees nature and behaviour at work. If correlate it with Maslows theory, we can say that Theory X is based on the assumption that the employees emphasize on the physiological needs and the safety needs while Theory X is based on the assumption that the social needs, esteem needs and the self-actualization needs dominate the employees. McGregor views Theory Y to be more valid and reasonable than Theory X. Thus, he encouraged cordial team relations, responsible and stimulating jobs, and participation of all in decision-making process.Implications of Theory X and Theory Y Quite a few organizations use Theory X today. Theory X encourages use of tight control and supervisi on. It implies that employees are reluctant to organizational changes. Thus, it does not encourage innovation. Many organizations are using Theory Y techniques. Theory Y implies that the managers should create and encourage a work environment which provides opportunities to employees to subscribe to initiative and self-direction. Employees should be given opportunities to contribute to organizational well-being. Theory Y encourages decentralization of authority, teamwork and participative decision making in an organization. Theory Y searches and discovers the ways in which an employee can make significant contributions in an organization. It harmonizes and matches employees needs and aspirations with organizational needs and aspirations.MOTIVATION INCENTIVES INCENTIVES TO MOTIVATE EMPLOYEESIncentive is an act or bode for greater action. It is also called as a stimulus to greater action. Incentives are something which are given in addition to wagers. It means additional remunerat ion or benefit to an employee in recognition of achievement or better work. Incentives provide a spur or extravagance in the employees for better performance. It is a natural thing that nobody acts without a purpose behind. Therefore, a hope for a reward is a powerful incentive to motivate employees. Besides monetary incentive, there are some other stimuli which can drive a person to better. This will include job satisfaction, job security, job promotion, and pride for accomplishment. Therefore, incentives really can sometimes work to accomplish the goals of a concern. The need of incentives can be legion(predicate)-1. To increase productivity,2. To drive or arouse a stimulus work,3. To call forth commitment in work performance,4. To psychologically satisfy a person which leads to job satisfaction,5. To shape the behavior or outlook of subordinate towards work,6. To inculcate zeal and enthusiasm towards work,7. To get the maximum of their capabilities so that they are exploited a nd utilized maximally. Therefore, management has to offer the following two categories of incentives to motivate employees- 1. Monetary incentives- Those incentives which satisfy the subordinates by providing them rewards in terms of rupees. Money has been recognized as a chief source of satisfying the needs of people. Money is also helpful to satisfy the social needs by possessing various material items. Therefore, money not only satisfies psychological needs but also the security and social needs. Therefore, in many factories, various wage plans and bonus schemes are introduced to motivate and stimulate the people to work. 2. Non-monetary incentives- Besides the monetary incentives, there are certain non-financial incentives which can satisfy the ego and self- actualization needs of employees. The incentives which cannot be measured in terms of money are under the category of Non- monetary incentives.Whenever a manager has to satisfy the psychological needs of the subordinates, he makes use of non-financial incentives. Non- financial incentives can be of the following types- a. Security of service- Job security is an incentive which provides great motivation to employees. If his job is secured, he will put maximum efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterprise. This also helps since he is very far off from mental tension and he can give his best to the enterprise. b. Praise or recognition- The praise or recognition is another non- financial incentive which satisfies the ego needs of the employees. Sometimes praise becomes more effective than any other incentive. The employees will respond more to praise and try to give the best of their abilities to a concern. c. Suggestion scheme- The organization should look forward to taking hints and inviting suggestion schemes from the subordinates. This inculcates a spirit of participation in the employees.This can be done by publishing various articles written by employees to improve the work environment which c an be published in various magazines of the company. This also is helpful to motivate the employees to tone of voice important and they can also be in search for innovative methods which can be applied for better work methods. This ultimately helps in growing a concern and adapting new methods of operations. d. Job enrichment- Job enrichment is another non- monetary incentive in which the job of a worker can be enriched. This can be done by increasing his responsibilities, giving him an important designation, increasing the content and nature of the work. This way efficient worker can get challenging jobs in which they can prove their worth. This also helps in the greatest motivation of the efficient employees. e. Promotion opportunities- Promotion is an effective tool to increase the spirit to work in a concern. If the employees are provided opportunities for the advancement and growth, they feel satisfied and contented and they become more committed to the organization.The above non- financial tools can be framed effectively by giving due concentration to the role of employees. A combination of financial and non- financial incentives help together in bringing motivation and zeal to work in a concern. Positive IncentivesPositive incentives are those incentives which provide a positive assurance for fulfilling the needs and wants. Positive incentives generally have an optimistic attitude behind and they are generally given to satisfy the psychological requirements of employees. For example-promotion, praise, recognition, perks and allowances, etc. It is positive by nature. oppose IncentivesNegative incentives are those whose purpose is to correct the mistakes or defaults of employees. The purpose is to rectify mistakes in order to get effective results. Negative incentive is generally resorted to when positive incentive does not works and a psychological set back has to be given to employees. It is negative by nature. For example- demotion, transfer, fines, p enalties.THE immenseness OF MOTIVATIONMotivation is a very important for an organization because of the following benefits it provides- 1. Puts human resources into actionEvery concern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals. It is by motivation that the human resources can be utilized by making full use of it. This can be done by building willingness in employees to work. This will help the enterprise in securing best possible utilization of resources. 2. Improves level of efficiency of employeesThe level of a subordinate or a employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities. For getting best of his work performance, the gap between ability and willingness has to be filled which helps in improving the level of performance of subordinates. This will result into- a. Increase in productivity,b. Reducing cost of operations, andc. Improving overall efficiency.3. Leads to achievement of organizational goalsThe goals of an enterprise c an be achieved only when the following factors take place -d. There is best possible utilization of resources,e. There is a co-operative work environment,f. The employees are goal-directed and they act in a purposive manner, g. Goals can be achieved if co-ordination and co-operation takes place simultaneously which can be effectively done through motivation.4. Builds friendly relationshipMotivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction. This can be done by keeping into mind and framing an incentive plan for the benefit of the employees. This could initiate the following things h. Monetary and non-monetary incentives,i. Promotion opportunities for employees,j. Disincentives for inefficient employees.In order to build a cordial, friendly atmosphere in a concern, the above steps should be taken by a manager. This would help in a. stiff co-operation which brings stability,b. Industrial dispute and unrest in employees will reduce, c. The employees will be adaptable to the changes and there will be no resistance to the change, d. This will help in providing a smooth and sound concern in which individual interests will coincide with the organizational interests, e. This will result in profit maximization through increased productivity.1. Leads to stability of work forceStability of workforce is very important from the point of view of reputation and good enoughwill of a concern. The employees can remain loyal to the enterprise only when they have a feeling of participation in the management. The skills and efficiency of employees will always be of advantage to employees as well as employees. This will lead to a good public image in the market which will attract competent and qualified people into a concern. As it is said, Old is gold which suffices with the role of motivation here, the older the people, more the experience and their adjustment into a concern which can be of benefit to the enterprise.From the above discussion, we can say that m otivation is an internal feeling which can be understood only by manager since he is in close contact with the employees. Needs, wants and desires are inter-related and they are the driving force to act. These needs can be understood by the manager and he can frame motivation plans accordingly. We can say that motivation therefore is a continuous process since motivation process is based on needs which are unlimited. The process has to be continued throughout. We can summarize by saying that motivation is important both to an individual and a business. Motivation is important to an individual as1. Motivation will help him achieve his personal goals.2. If an individual is motivated, he will have job satisfaction.3. Motivation will help in self- stopment of individual.4. An individual would always gain by working with a dynamic team. Similarly, motivation is important to a business as1. The more motivated the employees are, the more empowered the team is. 2. The more is the team work and individual employee contribution, more profitable and successful is the business. 3. During period of amendments, there will be more adaptability and creativity. 4. Motivation will lead to an optimistic and challenging attitude at work place.Staff Motivation Motivation Tips for EmployeesEmployees are the building blocks of an organization. Organizational success depends on the collective efforts of the employees. The employees will collectively contribute to organizational growth when they are motivated. Below mentioned are some tips for motivating the ply / employees in an organizationEvaluate yourself- In order to motivate, encourage and control your lags behaviour, it is essential to understand, encourage and control your own behaviour as a manager. Work upon utilizing your strengths and opportunities to neutralize and lower the negative impact of your weaknesses and organizational threats. The manager should adopt the approach Youre OK Im OK.Be familiar with your staff- The manager should be well acquainted with his staff. The more and the better he knows his staff, the simpler it is to get them involved in the job as well as in achieving the team and organizational goals. This will also invite staffs commitment and loyalty. A cordial superior-subordinate relationship is a key factor in job-satisfaction.Provide the employees certain benefits- eat your staff some financial and other benefits. flip them bonuses, pay them for overtime, and give them health and family insurance benefits. Make sure they get breaks from work. Let them enjoy vacations and holidays. record in new employees induction programme- Induction proceeds with recruitment advertising. At this point of time, the potential entrants start creating their own impressions and desires about the job and the organization. The manner in which the selection is conducted and the consequent recruitment process will either build or damage the impression about the job and organization. Thus, th e manager must have a say in framing the advertisement and also in the selection and recruitment process. After the decision about the candidate is made, the manager must take personal interest in the selected joinees joining date, the family relocation issues, cost of removal, etc. Being observed by the new recruit and your stallion team / staff to be involved completely, will train a persuasive entry in the organization.Provide feedback to the staff constantly- The staff members are raw to know how they are performing. Try giving a regular and constructive feedback to your staff. This will be more acceptable by the staff. Do not base the feedback on assumptions, but on facts and personal observations. Do not indulge in favouritism or comparing the employee with some one else. Sit with your staff on daily or weekly basis and make sure that feedback happens. This will help in boosting employees morale and will thus motivate the staff.Acknowledge your staff on their achievements- A pat on the back, some words of praise, and giving a note of credit to the employee / staff member at personal level with some form of broad publicity can motivate the staff a lot. Make it a point to mention the staffs outstanding achievements in official newsletters or organizations journal. Not only acknowledge the employee with highest contribution, but also acknowledge the employee who meets and over exceeds the targets. reassure effective time management- Having control over time ensures that things are done in right manner. Motivate your staff to have closed times, i.e., few hours when there are no interruptions for the staff in performing their job role so that they can concentrate on the job, and open times when the staff freely communicate and interact. Plan one to one sessions of interaction with your staff where they can ask their queries and also can get your attention and, thereby, they will not feel neglected. This all will work in long run to motivate the staff.Have stress management techniques in your organization- Create an environment in which you and your staff can work within optimum pressure levels. Ensure an optimistic attitude towards stress in the workplace. Have training sessions on stress management, and ensure a follow-up with group meetings on the manner stress can be lowered at work. Give your staff autonomy in work. invest the stress symptoms in employees and try to deal with them.Smile often- Smiling can have a tremendous effect on boosting the morale of the staff. A smiling superior creates an optimistic and motivating work environment. Smiling is an essential component of the body language of confidence, acceptance and boldness. Smile consistently, naturally and often, to demonstrate that you feel good and positive about the staff who works for you. It encourages new ideas and feedback from the staff. The staff does not feel hesitant and threatened to discuss their views this way.Listen effectively- Listening attentively is a form of recognizing and appreciating the person who is talking. Reciprocal / Mutual listening develops cordial and healthy personal relationships on which the employee / staff development rests. If the managers do not listen attentively to the subordinates, the morale of the subordinates lowers down and they do not feel like sharing their ideas or giving their views. Effective listening by the manager boosts up the employees morale and thus motivates them.Ensure effective communication- In order to motivate your staff, indulge in effective communication such as avoid using wrath expressions, utilize questioning techniques to know staffs mindset and analysis rather than ordering the staff what to do, base your judgements on facts and not on assumptions, use relaxed and steady tone of voice, listen effectively and be positive and helpful in your responses. Share your views with the staff.Develop and encourage creativity- The staff should be encouraged to develop the creativity ski lls so as to solve organizational problems. Give them time and resources for developing creativity. Let them hold constant brainstorming sessions. Invite ideas and suggestions from the staff. They may twirl out to be very productive.Dont be rigid. Be flexible- Introduce flexibility in work. Allow for flexible working hours if possible. Let the employees work at home occasionally if need arises. Do not be rigid in accepting ideas from your staff. Stimulate flexible attitudes in the employees who are accountable to you by asking what changes they would like to bring about if given a chance.Adopt job enrichment- Job enrichment implies giving room for a better quality of working life. It means facilitating people to achieve self-development, fame and success through a more challenging and interesting job which provides more promotional and advancement opportunities. Give employees more freedom in job, involve them in decision-making process, show them loyalty and celebrate their achiev ementsRespect your team- Respect not only the employees rights to share and express their views, and to be themselves, but their time too. This will ensure that the employees respect you and your time. Make the staff feel that they are respected not just as employees / workers but as individuals too.